The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans)[118] includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of 266 square kilometres (103sqmi),[119] with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. Limes. "Als sie die Dentheleten angriffen, kam Crassus diesen zur. 61. During the Communist Party rule, a number of the city's most emblematic streets and squares were renamed for ideological reasons, with the original names restored after 1989.[115]. It has a humid continental climate. According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. The Polytechnical Museum has more than 1,000 technological items on display. The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. All images, advertising and video materials and/or other information published on this website are property of the Ministry of Tourism and are protected by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights,according tothe Bulgarian laws to all applicable international and relevant acts of the European Union. [202] The municipality was known for minor and cosmetic repairs and many streets are in a poor condition. [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. Policy implications and recommendations are also discussed. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. Heinrichs. Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. These vary from Christian Roman architecture and medieval Bulgarian fortresses to Neoclassicism and prefabricated Socialist-era apartment blocks. DEFINITION(S) AND ACRONYM(S) One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sofia, the church can hold roughly 5,000 people, and on important Christian holidays, it is filled with believers. A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik. By the 19th century the Bulgarian population had two schools and seven churches, contributing to the Bulgarian National Revival. [112], In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was fighting alone practically all of its neighbouring countries. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. Sofia has been settled for many millennia. [156] A velodrome with 5,000 seats in the city's central park is undergoing renovation. The venue was inaugurated on 30 July 2011, and the first event it hosted was a friendly volleyball match between Bulgaria and Serbia. Prison Classification. "Guttenberg". Cyril and Methodius National Library are located in Sofia. The city is the hot spot of internal migration, the capital population is increasing and is around 17% of the national,[162] thus a small number of people with local roots remain today, they dominate the surrounding rural suburbs and are called Shopi. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. Serdica's citizens of Thracian descent were referred to as Illyrians[80] probably because it was at some time the capital of Eastern Illyria (Second Illyria).[89]. This web site uses cookies. The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800ft). The National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria is a combined opera and ballet collective established in 1891. [46] The record snow depth is 57cm (22.4in) (25 December 2001). In honor of its hot springs, in the 8th century BC the Thracian tribes settled here gave the city its first name Serdika or Serdonpolis. These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. Mount Vitosha borders on the Vitosha Natural Park, which is the oldest nature reserve on the Balkan Peninsula. The NIC Jails Division's services include training, networks, technical assistance, and information resources, such as documents and DVDs. Each staff member with detainee in-processing responsibilities shall receive on-site training; 3. [141] As of 2015[update], the consumer-reported perceived crime risk on the Numbeo database was "high" for theft and vandalism and "low" for violent crimes; safety while walking during daylight was rated "very high", and "moderate" during the night. As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 3 is considered General Population, but is designed for individuals who are more likely to, or have previously engage(d), in disruptive prison behavior. While walking in the area, visitors will also see the Banya Bashi Mosque, built in the 16th century. Adjacent to this church is the Theological Seminary, which houses The National Historical and Archeological Museum. Sofia City Province has an area of 1344km2,[40] while the surrounding and much bigger Sofia Province is 7,059km2. The Ethnographic Museum and the Museum of Military History hold large collections of Bulgarian folk costumes and armaments, respectively. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. Without a doubt, one of the most beautiful buildings in Sofia is the Ivan Vazov National Theater. Odeon (not part of the Odeon Cinemas chain) shows exclusively European and independent American films, as well as 20th century classics. This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. It takes its source in Rila, Bulgaria's highest mountain,[41] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. A third line was opened in August of 2020 and re-organisation of the previous lines lead to a 4th line being created. The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. [69] The European Commission has taken Bulgaria to court over its failure to curb air pollution. After the abolition of Communism in 1989, Sofia witnessed the construction of whole business districts and neighbourhoods, as well as modern skryscraper-like glass-fronted office buildings, but also top-class residential neighbourhoods. [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. It became the capital of the beylerbeylik of Rumelia (Rumelia Eyalet), the province that administered the Ottoman lands in Europe (the Balkans), one of the two together with the beylerbeylik of Anatolia. [100], In 1382/1383 or 1385, Sredets was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars by Lala ahin Pasha, following a three-month siege. [188] All major types of transport (except water) are represented in the city. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. For a few decades after the liberation, Sofia experienced large population growth, mainly by migration from other regions of the Principality (Kingdom since 1908) of Bulgaria, and from the still Ottoman Macedonia and Thrace. The highest recorded temperature is 41C (106F) (5 July 2000 and 24 July 2007). When the Romanian Army entered Vrazhdebna in 1913, then a village 11 kilometres (7 miles) from Sofia, now a suburb,[113] this prompted the Tsardom of Bulgaria to capitulate. As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. In the 1st century BC, Serdika was captured by the Romans, who transformed it into a Roman city. During the Russo-Turkish War of 187778, Suleiman Pasha threatened to burn the city in defence, but the foreign diplomats Leandre Legay, Vito Positano, Rabbi Gabriel Almosnino and Josef Valdhart refused to leave the city thus saving it. [73] Even areas with few sources of air pollution, like Gorna Banya, had PM2.5 and PM10 levels above safe thresholds. Bulgarian rule was restored in 1878. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. The people with juridical status divorced or widowed are either part of the factual singles or those having another type of partnership, each of the two constitutes by around 10% of the population aged over 20. Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. In 2012, it hosted the FIVB World League finals. [174] The IT sector is highly diverse and includes both multinational corporations, local companies and start-ups. [33][34] It became a municipium during the reign of Emperor Trajan (98117). [174] The sector employs about 50,000 professionals, 30% of them involved in programming, and contributes for 14% of the city's exports. Read More August 16, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Receive report from the Office of the County Counsel relating to options for transferring rehabilitative jail functions to the Department of Correction and provide direction . The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. Name . Line 1 provides a connection to Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, while Line 2 is the longest national railway and connects Sofia and Varna, the largest coastal city. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.[218]. [24] In 1979, the Boyana Church in Sofia was included onto the World Heritage List, and it was deconstructed in the Second Bulgarian Empire, holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. The Saint Sofia Basilica, founded during the reign of Justinian (reign 527-565), is one of the oldest churches in the capital. [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. [210] More than 20,000 students[211] study in its 16 faculties. Increasing are frauds, drug-related crimes, petty theft and vandalism. Sofia remained the seat of a sanjak (district). [74] However, a report by the European Court of Auditors issued in September 2018 revealed that Sofia has not drafted any projects to reduce air pollution from heating. [212] A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, botanical gardens,[213] a space research centre, a quantum electronics department,[214] and a Confucius Institute. During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. A fundamental principle of ODRC classification processes is to place individuals in the least restrictive setting possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. In 986, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II laid siege to Sredets but after 20 days of fruitless assaults the garrison broke out and forced the Byzantines to abandon the campaign. Their inmate to correctional officer ratio is a lot higher than the previous two security levels. The citys stadiums draw thousands of fans for matches between the major football teams. [79], In 339 BC Philip II of Macedon destroyed and ravaged the town for the first time. 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