Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. You may also like: Church announces new Hawaii Laie Mission Africa Central Area [94] In the fiscal year 2010, the United States provided Uruguay with $1.7million in military assistance, including $1million in Foreign Military Financing and $480,000 in International Military Education and Training. There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. [25] His book Ariel (1900) deals with the need to maintain spiritual values while pursuing material and technical progress. [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. [26], Uruguay was first inhabited around 13,000 years ago by hunter-gatherers. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. Today it is considered a dead tongue, although some elders at the aforementioned location still practice it. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). [53], Uruguay ranks first in the world on a per capita basis for its contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping forces, with 2,513 soldiers and officers in 10 UN peacekeeping missions. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. In exchange, those receiving the benefits were required to participate in community work, ensure that their children attended school daily, and had regular health check-ups. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. Most farms (25,500 out of 39,120) are family-managed; beef and wool represent the main activities and main source of income for 65% of them, followed by vegetable farming at 12%, dairy farming at 11%, hogs at 2%, and poultry also at 2%. By 1879, the total population of the country was over 438,500. WebIn 1815, Portugal and Britain launched an offensive against Uruguay, and two years later they lower combination high blood pressure medications captured Montevideo and merged Uruguay into Brazil s territory. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. The Triple Alliance declared war on the Paraguayan leader Francisco Solano Lpez[37] and the resulting Paraguayan War ended with the invasion of Paraguay and its defeat by the armies of the three countries. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. [89] Uruguay has two uncontested boundary disputes with Brazil, over Isla Brasilera and the 235km2 (91sqmi) Invernada River region near Masoller. 25 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. [145], Uruguay's capital has 12 synagogues, and a community of 20,000 Jews by 2011. Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. [147], Uruguayan Spanish, as is the case with neighboring Argentina, employs both voseo and yesmo (with [] or []). The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. Serving During: Group by Ward: [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". Sanguinetti was then re-elected in 1994. Je to druh nejmen jihoamerick stt; men je jen Surinam (jet men je sice Francouzsk Guyana, ale ta nen suvernnm sttem, nbr zmoskm zemm Francie). Originally they were Vaudois, who become Waldensians, giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish means "Waldensian Colony". [133] Overall, the ethnic composition is similar to neighboring Argentine provinces as well as Southern Brazil. [25] Its median age is 35.3 years, is higher than the global average[32] due to its low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration among younger people. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. [69] Winter temperatures range from a daily average of 11C (52F) in the south to 14C (57F) in the north, while summer average daily temperatures range from 21C (70F) in the southeast to 25C (77F) in the northwest. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo Mission from 2016 to 2019. [152], Uruguay ranks high on standardised tests such as PISA at a regional level, but compares unfavourably to the OECD average, and is also below some countries with similar levels of income. The system is government owned, and there have been controversial proposals to partially privatize since the 1990s.[126]. Yet after two centuries living in the shadow of its neighbors, South Americas smallest country is finally getting a little well-deserved recognition. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. [64] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.61/10, ranking it 147th globally out of 172 countries. The official racial term on the Uruguayan census is "amarilla" or "yellow" in English, which refers to people of East Asian descent. He drew from both Timbuktu and Mykonos to create his best-known work: his home, hotel and atelier Casapueblo near Punta del Este. [25] Earlier settlers had migrated from Argentina. On the economic front, the Batlle government (20002005) began negotiations with the United States to create the "Free Trade Area of the Americas" (FTAA). A quarter of the population is less than 15 years old and about a sixth are aged 60 and older. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentina underwent huge political and cultural societal change, as sectors such as the young, women and those living in the interior found their voices in challenging the status quo. WebUruguay. At the same time centre-right National Partys Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay.[79]. [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. The rest of the urban population lives in about 30 towns. [69] The heaviest precipitation occurs during the autumn months, although more frequent rainy spells occur in winter. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. [11] It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans in the 16th century there were about 9,000 Charra and 6,000 Chan and some Guaran island-settlements. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. [40] This division of power lasted until the President Jose Batlle y Ordonez instituted his political reforms which caused the last uprising by Blancos in 1904 that ended with the Battle of Masoller and the death of Blanco leader Aparicio Saravia. Uruguay has about 1,200km (750mi) of operational railroad track. [32] The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited European settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. [21], One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martn, "the river of painted birds";[22] this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. [32] The CIA-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents was called Operation Condor. [25], The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 19th of 180 reported countries in 2019. Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the Cuchilla Grande the climate is oceanic (Cfb). The relationship between the United States and Uruguay is strong. Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. [113], Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the most tourists in relation to its population. Montevideo was occupied by a British force from February to September 1807. The Brazilian intervention in May 1851 on behalf of the Colorados, combined with the uprising, changed the situation and Oribe was defeated. It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por [172] Its national team qualified for the Basketball World Cup 7 times, more often than other countries in South America, except Brazil and Argentina. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. There were confrontations in which police and leftists died. [12] Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of Human Development Index, GDP growth,[15] innovation, and infrastructure. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. [170], Football was taken to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the late 19th century. [25] Other modern Uruguayan writers include Mario Levrero, Sylvia Lago, Jorge Majfud, and Jess Moraes. [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. [56][57] Abortion was legalized in 2012,[58] followed by same-sex marriage[59] and cannabis in the following year. Venezuela had a deal to sell Uruguay up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day under preferential terms. A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins, or deltas: the Ro de la Plata Basin, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Mern and the Ro Negro. [73] Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. In statements, the Uruguayan government indicated its firm commitment to the Middle East peace process, but refused to specify borders "to avoid interfering in an issue that would require a bilateral agreement". This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. In November 2019 Luis Lacalle Pou won a five-year presidential term in a free and fair election. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. [104], According to IMF estimates, Uruguay was likely to achieve growth in real GDP of between 8% and 8.5% in 2010, followed by 5% growth in 2011 and 4% in subsequent years. Uruguay (/jrwa/ (listen);[10] Spanish:[uuwaj] (listen)), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay or the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: Repblica Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. The country also has a history and representation of advanced workers-rights protection, with unions and the eight-hour work-day protected at the beginning of the 20th century. Over 1,000,000 pictures A series of economic crises and the political repression against left-wing guerrilla activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century,[clarification needed] culminating in the 1973 coup d'tat, which established a civic-military dictatorship. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. [43] The following year, the Blancos led a rural revolt and eight bloody months of fighting ensued before their leader, Aparicio Saravia, was killed in battle. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. Pressure groups (consisting mainly of businessmen, hacendados, and industrialists) were organized and had a strong influence on government. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). Religious organization Send message Hi! Numerous unpaved roads connect farms and small towns. [73], Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. [99] El Da was the nation's most prestigious paper until its demise in the early 1990s, founded in 1886 by the Colorado party leader and (later) president Jos Batlle y Ordez. The country experiences the four seasons, with summer being from December to March and winter from June to September. Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy, peace, low perception of corruption,[12] and e-government. One of the main natural attractions in Uruguay is Punta del Este. [24] Until 1947, about 90% of the railroad system was British-owned. [32], Gabriel Terra became president in March 1931. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). [25] But still the difference is not big enough to consider a dry or wet season, periods of drought or excessive rain can occur anytime during the year. Numerous radio stations and musical events reflect the popularity of rock music and the Caribbean genres, known as msica tropical ("tropical music"). It has a South Atlantic Ocean coastline and lies between Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north. In September 2019, the previous left-wing government of Uruguay had withdrawn from TIAR as a response to the very critical view of Venezuela the other members of the regional defense agreement had. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and amnesty for human rights abusers was endorsed by referendum. [170] In 2010, the Uruguayan government enacted measures intended to retain players in the country. WebWife, Julie; four children. [121] However, in 1985 the "National Transport Plan" suggested passenger trains were too costly to repair and maintain. [32] Following the referendum, the armed forces announced a plan for the return to civilian rule, and national elections were held in 1984. This includes the new Rwanda Kigali and Hawaii Laie missions. [150] The major internal river is the Ro Negro ('Black River'). [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. More Home Reviews Videos Photos About See all We are missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in the Uruguay Montevideo West Mission July This method has been used several times over the past 15 years: to confirm a law renouncing prosecution of members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (19731985); to stop privatization of public utilities companies; to defend pensioners' incomes; and to protect water resources. WebUruguay and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ros and Corrientes, against the province of Buenos Aires; the third and by far the most important, in 186470, in alliance with Argentina and Uruguay, against Paraguay had their roots in the rivalry between Portugal and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. Government forces emerged victorious, leading to the end of the co-participation politics that had begun in 1872. The present-day State Railways Administration of Uruguay maintains 2,900 kms of extendable railway network. Uruguay is bordered by two large neighbors, Brazil and Argentina. [25] One of the most famous tangos, "La cumparsita" (1917), was written by the Uruguayan composer Gerardo Matos Rodrguez. Surfaced roads connect Montevideo to the other urban centers in the country, the main highways leading to the border and neighboring cities. [44] In 1933, Terra organized a coup d'tat, dissolving the General Assembly and governing by decree. [95], In 1991, the country experienced an increase in strikes to obtain wage compensation to offset inflation and to oppose the privatizations desired by the government of Luis Alberto Lacalle. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. At the other extreme, 38% of farmers exploit small lots and have herds averaging below one hundred head. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. The country name of Uruguay derives from the namesake Ro Uruguay, from the Indigenous Guaran language. [25], From about the same period came the romantic poetry of Juan Zorrilla de San Martn (18551931), who wrote epic poems about Uruguayan history. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. Under pressure from organized labor and the National Party, Baldomir advocated free elections, freedom of the press, and a new constitution. Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. 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